A2.13

(Α2.3+Α2.9)

A2.3 Inorganic pigments, A2.9 Organic pigments and dyes

Course objective: Introduction to the natural organic pigments and lac dyes used by artists in the past and to the synthetic organic pigments that are present in the contemporary paints. Analysis of their physical and chemical properties, environmental stability, ageing phenomena and degradation.

Course objective: Introduction to the natural organic pigments and lac dyes used by artists in the past and to the synthetic organic pigments that are present in the contemporary paints. Analysis of their physical and chemical properties, environmental stability, ageing phenomena and degradation. Educational goals: Through this course the students will become acquainted with the physical and chemical properties of the organic pigments that are present in works of art and cultural monuments from the prehistoric to contemporary times. They will gain knowledge of the pigment analysis and identification methods and of the individual necessary conditions regarding exposure to environmental factors. The students will be introduced to the modern paints based on polymeric binding media, their complex composition and the particular issues they present in terms of preventive and invasive conservation.

Course Content

- Color production from inorganic compounds.

– Natural organic pigments. Historical evidence, physical and chemical properties.

– Synthetic organic pigments. Historical evidence, physical and chemical properties.

– Preparation of organic dyes.

– Methods of analysis of organic pigments.

– Effect of environmental conditions. Durability and aging of organic pigments.

– Preventive and invasive maintenance of organic pigments

Teaching support:

Notes to be distributed:

"Organic pigments and lacquers with application in works of art", E. Kampasakali

Rating:

– written exam (100%)

A2.3 Inorganic Dyes.

Teachers:

B. Melfos, E. Kampasakali

Purpose of the course: To acquaint the students with the inorganic pigments used by artists in the past, with their stability in environmental conditions and their aging and deterioration phenomena.

An introduction to modern colors used in painting and their conservation issues.

Educational objectives: After completing the course, students will be familiar with the physical and chemical properties of inorganic pigments that find application in works of art and cultural monuments from the prehistoric period to the present day. They will get to know the methods of research, analysis and identification of pigments as well as their particularities as far as exposure to environmental factors is concerned.

Also, the students will get to know and become familiar with modern paints based on polymeric binders, their complex structure and composition and the particular problems of preventive and invasive maintenance they face.

Course Content

Lesson 1: Introduction to Mineralogy (General elements of mineralogy, crystallinity, classification of minerals, physical properties of minerals, crystal shape and form, laboratory study of selected minerals in terms of physical properties)

Lesson 2: Minerals Used as Pigments in Antiquity and References by Ancient Writers -Prehistoric Pigment Mines -Methods of Mineral Research

Lesson 3: Mineral pigments from the prehistoric period to the Hellenistic era

Lesson 4: Mineral pigments from the Roman period to the Renaissance

Lesson 5: Presentation of results from specific studies –

Laboratory course with methods of research and study of mineral pigments

Lesson 6: Behavior of pigments in aging, resistance to light. Contemporary

colors in painting. Acrylics, alkyd resins, PVA resins: definitions, historical development, properties, advantages-disadvantages.

Lesson 7: Chemistry of modern paints, additives in modern paints

Lesson 8: Modern color analysis and identification techniques, elements

Teaching support:

Notes to be distributed:

"Inorganic pigments", V. Melfos, Thessaloniki 2010

"Stability of inorganic pigments", E. Kampasakali, Thessaloniki 2012

"Modern colors. Properties, analysis and maintenance problems", E. Kampasakali, Thessaloniki 2012

Rating:

– written exam (100%)

Βιβλιογραφία:

– Paintings Materials: A Short Encyclopaedia, Rutherford John Gettens, George Leslie Stout, Dover Publications, 1966

– Artists’ Pigments: Volumes 1 – 4: A Handbook of their History and Characteristics. R. L. Feller (ed.), A. Roy (ed.), E.W. Fitzhugh (ed.), B. Berrie (ed.), Cambridge University Press, 1987 – 2007.

– Natural Colorants for Dyeing and Lake Pigments. Jo Kirby, Maarten von Bommel and André Verhecken, 2015 Archetype Publications

– Analysis of Modern Paints. T. Learner, eds.2005 Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute.

– Modern Paints Uncovered: Proceedings from the Modern Paints Uncovered Symposium. Learner, Thomas J. S., Patricia Smithen, Jay W. Krueger, and Michael R. Schilling, eds. 2007 Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute.