Y03

The purpose of the course is to transfer knowledge and experience for the correct selection of materials used for the maintenance and fixing of monuments.

The objectives of the course are to familiarize the students with the materials of Monuments and historical buildings, their problems and their restoration.

The following subjects will be developed in the courses:

Historical and technological development of building materials.. Distinguish between load-bearing and non-load-bearing materials. Principles of functionality and use of "traditional" materials. Material and information. Documentation methods. Practical exercise (sampling, recording analysis).

Stones. Categories/types of stones. Specifications. Examples of documentation. Optical bricks. Types, production technology and application, technical characteristics. Examples of documentation and analysis. Bonding mortars and mortars. Classification, distinction, manufacturing and application technology. Specifications. Examples of historic mortar analysis.

Metallic materials. Species found in the bearing body of monuments. Specifications. Wear diagnosis. Modern use of metal materials in operations. Stainless steels and grids.

Wood. Types, processing and application technology, morphology of wooden carriers, technical characteristics, examples of documentation of old wood.

Causes and mechanisms of deterioration of historical masonry materials. Causes and symptoms, methodology for diagnosis and assessment of the degree of wear and tear.

Interventions. Differentiation of interventions, material selection criteria, holistic design method of compatible materials (mortars, optical bricks).

Surgery materials. Discrimination. Construction and surface treatment materials. Definition of technical characteristics, control methods, application instructions. Workshop.

How students participate:

• Classroom lessons
• Laboratory exercises
• Laboratory lectures

Students familiarize themselves in the Laboratory with exercises and practice in matters related to the sampling of materials, from monuments and historical buildings, the on-site measurements, the full analysis of mortars (chemical analysis, granulometry, determination of mechanical strength, determination of porosity, microscopic analysis). In addition, they are trained in the composition of mortars compatible with the materials of historic buildings as well as the controls that must be carried out for the suitability and quality of both the raw materials with which the mortars and optical bricks are designed for operations, as well as those mortars and bricks selected for recoveries. The importance of quality control of interventional materials based on reliable methodologies for compatible materials used in restorative interventions (such as lime-based mortars) is emphasized. In the laboratory exercises, booklets are given with the subject and the tests or measurements that are made, which are filled out and delivered to the Head of the course and evaluated for the score.

Estimated employment time for the preparation of the works: 4 weeks

Bibliography Bibliography

1. Toraca, G., Porous Building Materials, ICCROM Editions.
2. Building Materials Evaluation Handbook, Forrest Wilson Van Nostrand Reinold Company ISBN 0442-29325-9.

Teaching support

Notes and books. Bibliography